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The main form of phosphate

2021-11-11
Phosphate is a naturally occurring form of elemental phosphorus and can be found in many phosphate minerals. Elemental phosphorus or phosphide is difficult to find (only a very small amount can be found in meteorites). In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers to stone or ore containing phosphate ions.
The largest phosphate rock powder deposits in North America are located in central Florida in the United States, Soda Springs in Ideho, and the coastal area of North Carolina. And the next ones are located near Charleston in Montana, Tennessee, Georgia and South Carolina. Nauru, a small island country, used to have a large amount of high-quality phosphate minerals, but now it has been extensively excavated. Phosphate rock powder can also be found in Navassa Island, Morocco, Tunisia, Israel, Togo and Jordan, where there are also a large amount of phosphate mining.
In biology, phosphorus appears in the form of free phosphate ions in the solution, called "inorganic phosphate", which is to be distinguished from other phosphates in phosphate. Inorganic phosphate is represented by Pi, which can be derived from the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (represented by PPi).
However, phosphate is most commonly present in the form of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), and can be hydrolyzed by ADP Or ATP is released. There are similar reactions to other diphosphorus or triphosphoric nucleosides. The phosphoric anhydride bonds in ADP and ATP, or other diphosphorus and triphosphorus nucleosides contain a lot of energy, so they have an important position in biology. They are generally called high-energy phosphorous phosphate, just like creatine phosphate in muscle tissue. Some compounds such as phosphines are also used in organic chemistry, but it does not seem to have natural counterparts.

Due to the importance of phosphate to organisms, it is highly collected in ecology. Therefore, it is often a limited reagent in the environment, and its availability determines the speed of biological growth. Adding a large amount of phosphate to a phosphate-deficient environment or microbial environment will have a significant impact on the ecology. For example, the waterfall of a certain kind of organism will cause the death of other organisms, and the decrease in the number of a certain kind of organism will lead to the lack of resources such as oxygen (see eutrophication). In the case of pollution, phosphate is the main component of total dissolved solids (a major water quality indicator).

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